Which Legal Planning Documents Do You Really Need For An Appropriate Estate Plan?
Dale Tamburro • March 7, 2025

Which Legal Planning Documents Do You Really Need For an Appropriate Estate Plan?

 

Whether you are married with children or a single adult, you should have an Estate Plan to protect your assets, loved ones and personal care in the future. What legal documents do you need to have an appropriate Estate Plan? Everyone is different and estate planning is unique to everyone, so it is difficult to generalize. However, most of us need the first four of the fundamental legal documents referred to below. More and more of us need a Trust of some kind but the specifics of why you need a trust and what kind of trust requires more discussion:

  •      Durable Power of Attorney
  •      Health Care Proxy
  •      A Will
  •      HIPAA Release
  •      Living Trust
  •      Credit Shelter Trust Version if you are married and have a net worth in excess of $2,000,000 combined.
  •      Joint Marital Revocable Trust if net worth is less than $2,000,000
  •      Individual Revocable Trust if not married.


(Primarily for Long-term Care Protection you would consider an Income Only Irrevocable Trust)

(Another trust called an Irrevocable Life Insurance Trust(ILIT) is used solely so the death benefits are not included in your Estate for Estate Tax Purposes)

 

A Durable Power of Attorney

The Durable Power of Attorney is a written document which allows you (the Principal) to designate someone you trust (the Attorney-in-Fact) to make Personal, Business and Financial decisions for you in the event of illness or incapacity. The Durable Power of Attorney allows you to name someone who could take over your personal finances, pay your bills, sign a deed or bill of sale, sign you in or out of a hospital or rehabilitation hospital, make gifts, deal with the IRS, deal with your insurance company or stockbroker, purchase an annuity or engage in Medicaid or long-term care planning on your behalf. A well-drafted Durable Power of Attorney will enable your Attorney-In-Fact to do anything you could as if you were personally present.

 

A Durable Power of Attorney can be broadly defined, or it can be very specific. It depends upon what one wants or needs.

 

A Durable Power of Attorney does not necessarily take effect at the time of signing. A Power of Attorney can "spring" into effect only upon the principal's incapacity or disability whether sudden (an accident or a stroke) or gradual (Alzheimer's disease or mental weakness/illness).

 

A Durable Power of Attorney should be signed while one is in good health. It is preferable to have discussed the Durable Power of Attorney beforehand and make sure the Attorney-In-Fact named in the document agrees to serve and understands what he or she is expected to do. A Durable Power of Attorney needs to be witnessed and be signed in the presence of a Notary Public.

 

A Durable Power of Attorney has its drawbacks. If it is too old a bank or investment company may not accept it. If it does not reference the particular use that you need it for, its intent may also fail. Even if you have a Durable Power of Attorney, you should have it reviewed every three years to see if it is still sufficient.

 

Health Care Proxy

A Health Care Proxy is a relatively straightforward legal document that one signs designating another person to make any and all care decision for him/her in the event of illness or incapacity. The person who is appointed is called a health care agent. The agent is authorized to act only if the attending physician determines in writing that you lack the capacity to make or communicate health care decisions. The decision-making authority includes the authority to make decisions about life sustaining treatment.

 

Again, similar to the Durable Power of Attorney a properly drafted Health Care Proxy will have sufficient detail to cover most if not all consequences. A general announcement naming someone to make all medical decisions for you is not sufficient.

 

A Will

A Will is a document which, among other things, directs how your property will be disposed of after your death. It is also used to name a Guardian for your minor children in the event of a simultaneous death. The Will also allows you to choose the person or persons who you want to manage your Estate. If you do not have a Will, your property will be distributed according to the Statutory Laws of the Commonwealth, which may or may not be in accord with your wishes. Additionally, virtually anyone, including your creditors, could petition the Probate Court for permission to administer your estate if you have not appointed an Executor through a Will. The use of a Will is part of the Probate Process it DOES NOT AVOID PROBATE.

 

HIPAA Release

A signed HIPAA release form must be obtained from a patient before their protected health information can be shared with other individuals or organizations, except in the case of routine disclosures for treatment, payment or healthcare operations permitted by the HIPAA Privacy Rule. A HIPPA Release would allow your spouse, children or whomever is named in it to converse with your doctors about your condition. It does not allow them to make any health decisions, those are left to the person named as your Health Care Proxy.

 

A Living Trust (revocable)

A Living Trust is a document by which a person legally transfers ownership of certain property to another party to be held and managed for his or her benefit or for the benefit of others. The person who establishes The Trust is the Donor.

 

A Living Trust, so called, is a trust that is established and takes effect while one is alive as opposed to a Testamentary Trust which is established in a will and only comes into being upon death. A Living Trust is often times revocable - meaning - the person who created it can revoke it. It also can be amended from time to time as situations and circumstances change.

 

By placing property in a Trust, a Trustee is legally responsible for management of the Trust property. A Trust serves to avoid Probate upon the death of the Donor, as the Trust Assets are not in one person's name at the time of death. Unlike a Will, a Living Trust need not be filed with the Registry of Probate.

 

One similarity of a Will and Trust is that the Trust can provide to whom the Trust assets will go upon the death of the one who created the trust (the Donor). One of the differences between a Will and the Trust is that the Will takes effect when you die. The Living Trust, on the other hand, can be established while you are alive, and the Trustee will hold your assets and manage them during your lifetime. The Executor of your Will can only distribute your assets to your heirs at the time of death. The Trustee can manage the Trust in both instances - while you are alive and following your death.

 

A Living Trust provides needed flexibility to deal with changes over the years. It provides, as does a Will, a means to provide protection for handicapped, disabled, or mentally challenged family members or loved ones. It can protect a financially irresponsible beneficiary. It allows one to make specific arrangements for children or grandchildren from a prior marriage. A Trust can also be used to avoid or reduce estate taxes.

 

EXAMPLES:

 

I am asked for generalities: I don’t like generalities because each person, each couple are unique in my mind and the difference between being a document drafter and someone who provides an estate plan is understanding the individuality of your clients. However, examples sometimes help make things easier to understand.

 

Anyone over the age of 18 should have a Health Care Proxy. Anyone one who is married should have a Health Care Proxy and Last Will and Testament. Anyone who owns a house or has a retirement account should have a Durable Power of Attorney. It is that simple.

 

A single person or a widow or widower who have never had a trust will not need a credit shelter trust. They may or may not need a revocable trust or an irrevocable trust or both. This is what having an hour discussion is all about. But…. If you want to have complete unfettered control of what is held in trust, you do NOT want an irrevocable trust, you want a revocable trust. If you want to protect the assets of the trust from creditors or to qualify for MassHealth/Medicaid you do NOT want a revocable trust, you want an irrevocable trust. If you want to control some assets and protect other assets you might want one of each kind of trust. Both kinds of trusts will aid you in the management of the assets if you were disabled and to avoid the probate process if you have passed away.

 

Again, be careful to not assume what I just described is for you. What you might hear in a seminar or a class, whether with me or another speaker is not designed to define what you need. It is a guide. It is essential that have a one on one with an estate planning attorney to create a plan that is distinctive for you.

 

For more information on drawing up a Will, Durable Power of Attorney, Health Care Proxy, or Living Trust, contact your local attorney. For more information on The Law Offices of Dale J Tamburro, please visit our web site at www.tamburrolaw.com, email us at Dale@Tamburrolaw.com or call us directly at 617.489.5919.

Should You Downsize Your Home?

By Dale Tamburro • October 10, 2025
1. Have the kids moved out of the house? One of the top reasons why so many people go big with their house purchases is to fit a growing family. But when the kids go away to school or move out of the house to start their lives, it can leave many bedrooms sitting available – rooms that have to be cleaned, spaces that wind up being heated and cooled with no one in it. If you no longer need a four or five-bedroom home, it may be prudent to downsize to something smaller and cheaper. In fact, you may find that a significant amount of money is going out the door to pay for your kid’s college degree and the home has become a financial burden. Money is often a motivating factor for knowing it is time to downsize your house. 2. Do you want to keep costs down? Expenses are a major reason people downsize their homes. Big houses are expensive to maintain, to insure and costs more in property taxes. Big houses also lead to higher utility bills. With a smaller home, you will save money on your monthly and yearly costs. If you are close to retirement or you are already retired, these savings can make your retirement funds go much, much further. If your house repairs are being done with short term rather than long term goals it might be time to move on. 3. Are you worn out from taking care of your property? Large houses require a lot of upkeep, as do big yards. Keeping a big home clean and in good working order is a lot of work. Mowing an expansive lawn takes a lot of time, and cutting the grass only gets harder as you get up there in years. Raking up the leaves in the fall is tedious even when you are young and fit. Keeping up with the leaves when you 5/8 are older is tiresome. You may pay for landscaping and cleaning services to take care of all these things, or you may just be resolved to working for hours each week on keeping up your property. Either way, you may be wondering if there is an easier option. A small home takes less effort to keep up, and a townhouse or condo is even less work because the exterior work is handled by the management company. You should get a complete understanding of which housing choice makes the most sense a home or a condo. Have to look at the advantages as well as disadvantages of homes vs. condominiums. If you travel a lot of just don’t have the time necessary to keep up with a home, a condo may be the best move. If on the other hand, you can’t stand the thought of losing control what goes on around you, a home may be the wisest choice. When downsizing these are subjects that should be thought through thoroughly. 4. Do you need to be in a different area? Your life is changing all the time, which means your priorities and the demands of your day will change too. Sometimes downsizing is necessary to accomplish a primary goal. You may have grandchildren you want to be close to, or another family member or loved one that you either want or need to be nearby. You may have obligations to a group or organization that are hard to meet in your current location. Or you might want to be closer to things you know you are going to need in the future, like healthcare. Selling your current home and moving into something smaller is usually the best way to get close to the things that are important to you. Your willingness to go with a smaller property gives you options. 5. Is the design of your home no longer conducive to your present needs? One of biggest problems as you age can be mobility. If your home is designed for multiple floor living It may be time to move, even if the monetary change is marginal, having the one floor living, or elevators can be critical. 6. Do you have a lot of equity in your home? If your house is paid off, or if you have a considerable amount of equity in your property, you may be able to sell your home, buy a smaller house in a cheaper area, and still have a sizable amount of cash left over. Depending on where your home is located, the market and how much the home as appreciated in value, you may find that your house is now worth far more than you imagined. You can find a smaller, less expensive home and add a lot to your retirement – or use the money for whatever you need it for. Let’s face it not having the burden of a mortgage feels good as well! Do, however, make sure you are up to speed on capital gains tax laws for real estate. This is one of the best home ownership perks from a financial standpoint, given the fact you can exclude up to $250,000 in profit if single and $500,000 if married. As great as the tax code is, if you live in a large, expensive home with tons of equity, you could have a good size tax bill. 7. Do you want a change of scenery? A big, lovely home can start to feel like an anchor. Sure, the home is impressive, but even the most impressive home can start to drag you down if you are ready to move on to a different area. You may want to live next to the ocean, or in the mountains, in a city or out of one. Many times people want something different, which is perfectly OK. Maybe hot desert air is calling to you, or you want to relax in a small, quiet town. Whatever location you are looking at, chances are if you sell your big home you will have the ability to settle there in a small, modest home. When folks get older in life, they may also find that instead of having one big home they would rather have two smaller properties. Sometimes people don’t want to leave the roots of their hometown, so they will and buy a smaller property in the same location. They will, however, also buy a second smaller place in an area they have vacationed in and simply love. Maybe downsizing sounds appealing to you for this exact reason. Other Options : What if you decide that downsizing your home is not the best move at present, but you need additional funds. Are there any options to get funds while remaining in my home and possibly downsizing later? There sure are! Look at the practical ways to get the equity out of your house. If you are 62 or older, a reverse mortgage is one of the best ways to remain in your house while also having access to your home’s equity. Tips For Downsizing Your Home Once you conclude that a smaller home is in your best interests, you’re going to need some of the best tips for downsizing your home! Here are some pointers for your consideration: Access your current needs – for example, do you need a formal living room in your next home? Look through your current home and look at everything you can get rid of! Do you have a hoarders’ mentality? This is something you need to change when downsizing. Think carefully about the design of what you want in your new smaller home.  Measure your current furniture and see what will fit and what won’t in your new place. If you have oversized furniture, consider getting rid of it. Sell items you know you will not be taking with you. A garage or yard sale is one of the best exercises when moving to a smaller home. Figure out the storage area in your new home. Sometimes people overestimate going from a large to a smaller home in the area they will have. Understand the best ways to pack a home for a less stressful move.

CONTRASTING THE ESTATE AND FINANCIAL PLANNING PRIORITIES TO INDIVIDUALS IN THE 30-50 YEAR OLD GROUP VS 62 AND OLDER GROUP.

By Dale Tamburro • October 10, 2025
FOR SINGLE OR MARRIED PEOPLE WITHOUT CHILDREN · Basic Understanding of Finances, Paying Bills, rearranging debt, attention to credit, start saving money, school loans · How to buy your first home; How to come up with the down payment · Under about 401K/IRA vs Roths; start small but start · When to buy life insurance and what kind · Explain the need for a Health Care Proxy and HIPAA authorization; Discount need of a Will unless married · How is the couple sharing financial responsibilities; individual accounts and joint accounts; buying a home with a non-50/50 contribution · Understand Home Care, Home/Car insurance; Homestead; How to take Title (default of Tenants in Common) FOR MARRIED COUPLES STARTING OR ALREADY STARTED A FAMILY  · You need a Will because of the Guardianship Clause; Guardian of the Person vs Guardian of the Property. Perhaps time for your first Power of Attorney but definitely Will and Health Care Proxy · Life Insurance for Peace of Mind (enough money to get the kids through to adulthood); How much insurance; Term or Whole Life or Both · The Values of a Standby Trust for your children or a combination of your spouse and children · Financial Buckets; short term; long term longer term · Tax Planning; Investments beyond IRAs; should you diversion between pre-tax money and post-tax investments; Balance; Time for a financial advisors that emphasizes investment and growth in contrast to life insurance and such products · Pay attention to your parents; their estate planning; what are your expectations · 529 Plans or similar programs · What happens to your estate plan when you have more children? · Maintain your Estate Plan by periodic reviews with estate planner; If nothing changes, 5 years and as you get over shorter periods; · Review your Estate Plan when changes occur: o More children o Parent’s Disability or Death o Selling and Buying a new home or investment property; o Significant increase in Income or Net Worth o Eventually College planning for children o Look at your Fiduciaries; are they still appropriate · Is there a compelling need to coordinate Your Planning with Planning of your Parents or others who you anticipate will be leaving you something upon death. · Special Need Issues if you have a handicapped child · You may be needed to be a fiduciary for the Parents; What are your responsibilities, liabilities and personal ethics involved and family harmony · If your net worth goes up significantly, should you be looking at forming a trust or amending one you already have; do your wishes for your children change as they grow into their teens and are different; do you want to restrict your children’s access to funds until they are older? Divide it so they receive some at different ages; Who do you want as Trustee if you aren’t available? Are the people named in your will as Guardians still appropriate.